March 4: The Original Inauguration Day – A Historic Presidential Tradition

For over 140 years, March 4 was Inauguration Day in the United States. From Thomas Jefferson in 1801 to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, newly elected presidents took the oath of office on this historic date. But why was March 4 chosen, and why did it change?

The History of March 4 as Inauguration Day

When the U.S. Constitution was ratified, it set March 4, 1789, as the official start of the new government. However, due to travel and communication delays in the 18th century, this meant that months passed between Election Day and the new president taking office. This long "lame duck" period sometimes caused political challenges.

The Most Famous March 4 Inauguration: William Henry Harrison’s Fate

One of the most infamous March 4 inaugurations was in 1841, when William Henry Harrison delivered the longest inaugural address in history—nearly two hours long! He stood in the cold and rain without a coat or hat, determined to prove his strength at age 68. Unfortunately, he caught pneumonia and died just 32 days later, making him the first president to die in office. His tragic story served as a cautionary tale: Always dress for the weather!

Why the Inauguration Date Changed

By the early 20th century, advancements in transportation and communication made the long transition period unnecessary. The 20th Amendment, ratified in 1933, officially moved Inauguration Day to January 20, beginning with Franklin D. Roosevelt’s second term in 1937. This change helped speed up the transfer of power and prevent prolonged periods of political inaction.

Legacy of March 4 in U.S. History

Although no longer Inauguration Day, March 4 remains an important date in presidential history. It marked the beginning of many legendary presidencies and shaped the way America transitions between leaders.